Adult ESL · Absolute Beginners · Comprehensible Input

I love teaching.I just got tired of making everything.

I teach absolute-beginner adult English in Los Angeles.

Some of my students arrive knowing almost no English. Some cannot yet read the Roman alphabet. Others are already approaching Level 2. And because enrollment is rolling, I can have brand-new students appear weeks into the course.

I still have to teach all of them together.

For years, the hardest part wasn't knowing what I wanted to do in class. It was producing it.

The pictures. The PowerPoints. The stories. The games. The videos. The differentiated practice. And then rebuilding all of it when something didn't work.

AI changed that. Not because AI teaches my students. Because I finally have a production department.

The production is automated.
The instruction is not.


The problem

Level 1A does not describe one learner.

In the same Zoom classroom I may have:

  • a student who knows one or two words of English
  • a student still learning the Roman alphabet
  • a student with limited formal schooling
  • a student who can already answer simple questions
  • a student nearly ready for Level 2

Then new absolute beginners can enter the class at almost any point in the term. There is no pre-Level-1 class.

So I need a way of teaching that lets everyone participate in the same lesson — without asking a new learner to produce English they don't yet have, or boring stronger students to death.

That led me increasingly toward comprehensible input and storytelling.


The basic idea

I don't start by explaining English.

I don't start by explaining English and then asking students to use it. I try to make English understandable while we're actually communicating.

That distinction changed almost everything about the way I teach.

The theoretical foundation comes largely from Stephen Krashen's work on comprehensible input and the affective filter, and from TPRS — Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling. But in practice, it is much simpler:

  1. Say something students can understand.
  2. Give them a reason to care about it.
  3. Keep using the language.
  4. Ask questions they can actually answer.

The classroom itself becomes the lesson.

“Good morning.”   “Are you tired?”   “Does Maria like coffee?”   “Does Tim want water or tequila?”

Every exchange is potentially comprehensible input. And if people laugh, disagree with me, correct me, or tell me I'm crazy — even better.


A worked example

A story can begin with almost nothing.

Tim is thirsty.

A crayon stick figure smiles under a bright sun on a hot day.

Tim wants water.

The stick figure imagines a cold drink in a thought bubble above his head.

There is no water.

The stick figure walks away from the little shop with a frown; the store is closed.

That's enough. Each sentence gets a clear picture. Then we stop. We talk about it.

Is Tim thirsty?   Is Tim hungry?   Does Tim want water or coffee?   Does Tim want 100 bottles of water?   Maria, what do you drink in the morning?

The story creates the need for the repetition.

The same language keeps returning, but it does not feel like repeating a sentence twenty times.


Differentiation

One classroom. Different questions.

After a single sentence, the questions fan out. Every student hears the same target language — but each is asked something they can actually answer.

One sentence, four levels of question
The questionWho it's for
Is Tim thirsty? Absolute beginner — yes / no, with the group
Does Tim want water or coffee? Beginner — choose between two answers
What does Tim want? Developing student — produce the answer
Maria, what do you drink in the morning? Anyone — personalize the language

Differentiation is built into the question,
not into separate lessons.


The curriculum

The curriculum still matters.

I teach with BurlingtonEnglish Core Basics. It remains the spine of the course. I follow the modules and required language in sequence.

The storytelling doesn't replace the curriculum. It gives students another way into it.

If Burlington is teaching food vocabulary, present-tense verbs, or questions with do, those become the raw materials for that day's story and conversation. Students meet the same language repeatedly, in different forms — rather than once in a textbook exercise, and then never again.

Burlington the spine
+
Story + CI the way into it

The reinforcement cycle

The language keeps coming back.

The same day's language reaches each student from several directions — not four unrelated lessons, but one lesson arriving four ways.

01

The story

Pictures, questions, conversation

02

Burlington

The corresponding in-class lesson

03

Homework

The student Burlington lesson

04

TeacherMurray.com

Video, reading, vocabulary and games


The medium

The classroom is a small screen.

My students aren't in a room with me. They're on Zoom — often watching on a phone, alone, at the end of a long day.

That changes what teaching is. In a classroom, the thing that lowers a beginner's anxiety is the room itself. On a small screen, there is no room. There is only the picture.

So I treat the feed as part of the method, not as decoration:

  • a professional microphone, so the voice is close and clear — never tinny, never far away
  • real lighting, so I'm a warm face and not a dark shape
  • strong, legible imagery, sized for a phone, so every word has something to hold onto
On a small screen, the affective filter is set by the picture.

A beginner who can hear every word and read every image — who feels a person on the other end — is a beginner whose anxiety drops enough to stay.

But that's not the whole reason they come back. Since I started teaching this way, I'm sometimes shocked by how many show up nearly every day. I don't think it's discipline. I think it's fear of missing out — not on a lesson they could watch later, but on the group experience. The live story. The laughing. Being called on. The thing that only happens once, and only if you're there.

Most online learning is something you do alone. This is the opposite.

It stops being me and them. It becomes them and each other.

I treat my students like customers, because they are. Attendance is voluntary — they vote with their feet. When someone apologizes for being late, I tell them the same thing every time: better late than never. You've got kids, jobs, real lives. Come whenever you can — I'll be here. Nobody shows up because I require it. They show up because the hour is worth it.

So that's the whole job, really: make the hour worth it — as easy, as clear, and as good as I can make it. I'm trying to start a habit.

~120students on my rosters
~83%stay to the end of the term

For absolute beginners online — where quietly disappearing is the norm — that second number still surprises me. I don't have a controlled study, and I wish someone did; the effect of presence on persistence in online adult ed is basically unmeasured. But the students vote every day, and they keep showing up.


The evidence

Don't take my word for it.

Watch an actual Level 1A lesson.

Classroom demonstration · ≈ 18 minutes Tim Is Thirsty

Don't watch it for polished presentation. Watch what happens to one extremely simple piece of English.

Watch:

  • how often the same language returns
  • how repetition avoids becoming a conventional drill
  • how yes/no questions let the newest students participate
  • how choice and open questions give stronger students somewhere to go

The class library

It isn't just Tim.

Every story becomes a video the day I teach it — each one built from a single Burlington lesson and the language it targets. Same characters, same style, made to the same standard, one after another.

New stories go up as I teach them. Students meet them again at TeacherMurray.com — with readings and games built on the same language.


Then the economics changed

Then AI changed the economics.

This kind of teaching creates a ridiculous production problem. A short story may require dozens of consistent illustrations. Then I need:

  • a teaching deck
  • story text
  • a video version
  • vocabulary activities
  • games
  • a web page
  • homework reinforcement

And tomorrow I need another one. And I'm teaching multiple sections.

Before AI, the obvious response was:

You can't possibly do this every day.

And that was correct. Now I can.

The production is automated.
The instruction is not.


Two kinds of work.

The system can handle

  • illustrations and visual continuity
  • PowerPoint assembly
  • video rendering
  • game generation
  • publishing
  • recording and transcription
  • coverage tracking

I still decide

  • what language to teach
  • the story
  • the pacing
  • the questions
  • the circling
  • when students are lost
  • when something is funny
  • when something isn't working
  • every pedagogical decision

Revision

The classroom edits the curriculum.

My classes are transcribed. Afterward, I can look at what actually happened.

Where did students get confused? Which picture didn't communicate what I thought it did? Which question worked? Where did the story slow down? Was a game too difficult? Did students unexpectedly get excited about something?

Then I can change the material before the next section meets.

A teacher can notice something at 8:45
and fix it for the 10:15 class.

For most of my teaching career, I would notice a problem with a lesson and think, “I should really fix that someday.” But completely rebuilding a lesson could take hours. So the imperfect version survived year after year.

Under conventional production economics, teachers can notice problems for years without fixing them, because each correction costs too much.

Now the correction may cost a conversation.


What didn't change

AI didn't replace the part of teaching I love.

I still tell the story.

I still decide when students need another repetition.

I still notice the woman who has stopped following.

I still tease somebody about drinking twelve cups of coffee.

I still decide that the lesson I made yesterday was terrible.

I still change direction because something funny happened in class.

Those are teaching decisions. What changed is that an idea I have tonight can actually become tomorrow morning's lesson. For me, that has been transformative.


Not a demo

Everything here comes from an actual classroom.

This isn't a demonstration of what AI could someday do. I'm using this system now, with adult Level 1A students.

The materials evolve because real students use them. Some work. Some fail. Some get rebuilt four times. That's part of the project.

I'm publishing what I learn because I think other teachers may be facing the same problem:

We know much more about the kind of teaching we'd like to do
than we have ever had the time to produce.

That constraint is disappearing. I'm curious what teachers will do with that.